Participation level:
- Medium (Opinions noted)
Innovation level:
- Low (Traditional)
Facilitator skill level, and other support required:
- High (Specialist skills)
Can be used for:
- Showcase product, plan, policy
- Engage community
- Discover community issues
- Communicate an issue
Focus groups aim to discover what are the key issues that are of concern for selected groups. Discovering these issues can help determine which of a number of options is the preferred way forward, or to determine what are the concerns that would prevent a proposal going ahead. The focus group may also be undertaken to discover preliminary issues that are of concern in a group or community, and on which to base further research or consultation.
Focus groups should deliver detailed knowledge of the issues that concern a specific demographic or community. (See Case Study: Gold Coast Citizen Committee.pdf).
- Highly applicable when a new proposal is mooted and little is known of community opinions.
- Can be used to develop a preliminary concept of the issues of concern, from which a wider community survey may be undertaken.
- Can be used for limited generalisations based on the information generated by the focus group.
- Particularly good for identifying the reasons behind people's likes/dislikes.
- Produces ideas that would not emerge from surveys/questionnaires, because the focus group allows opportunity for a wider range of comments.
- Such small groups may not be representative of the community response to an issue.
- May be confronting for some to be open about their opinions depending on how well people know one another.
- People must be able to operate within their comfort zones.
- Requires careful selection to be a representative sample (similar age range or status etc.).
- Skilled facilitators should be hired.
Organizing Focus Group
How many people to organize?
- Medium (2-12 people)
- Individual
Time required:
- Long (> 6 months)
- Medium (6 weeks-6 months)
Cost:
- Low (< AUD$1,000)
- Randomly select 6 to 10 people affected by or interested in the community issue to make up the focus group.
- Book venue and arrange catering if meeting goes across a meal time.
- Hire a facilitator.
- Prepare preliminary questions.
- Send reminders to participant with time, date, venue and questions.
- Brief participants and the facilitator on the aims and objectives of the session.
- Establish ground rules: keep focused; maintain momentum, get closure on questions (see Mc Namara reference).
- Encourage shy participants if they feel anxious about revealing their opinions/feelings.
- Engage a co-facilitator to record issues raised by individuals (may use audio, audio/visual, and/or written notes).
- De-brief the participants and the facilitator.
- Compile a report of proceedings for the organisers, and offer a copy to the participants.
References
Description
Focus groups are used for exploratory studies, and the issues that emerge from the focus group may be developed into a questionnaire or other form of survey to verify the findings. Relatively inexpensive, focus groups can provide fairly dependable data within a short time frame. Focus groups are a technique used to find out what issues are of most concern for a community or group when little or no information is available. They allow people to answer questions, but also to bounce ideas off one another, and hence provide more detailed information as people share and elaborate on their issues.
Where large-scale objective information is needed, a minimum of four focus groups and as many as 12 may be needed to collect all the information needed. Using independent researchers to run groups and analyse data will ensure objectivity for organisation who need to maintain transparent processes.
This page originally copied with permission from the Citizens Science Toolbox
