Participation level:

Low (Information only)

Innovation level:

Low (Traditional)

Facilitator skill level, and other support required:

High (Specialist skills)

Can be used for:

Showcase product, plan, policy
Engage community
Discover community issues
Develop community capacity
Develop action plan
Communicate an issue

Number of people required to help organize:

Medium (2-12 people)
Individual

A participant observer is placed in a community with the aim of collecting more detailed information about a community's habits, opinions and issues and with a view to developing planning and policies that better incorporate the community's needs and wishes.

Information about a community collected by a participant observer can ensure that planning and decision-making incorporates community needs and opinions, and will therefore be more acceptable and more useful to the community.

Can develop greater understanding of sensitive situations.
Can be used before developing a consultation program in cases where the nature of community issues is not known to agencies.
Can be used for scoping information and determining key players when the issue is contentious or controversial
Can assist in the development of a more thoughtful consultation program because participant observation is usually conducted incognito. Can allow the development of consultation processes that suit the subject community.

This method is limited, and needs to be used in conjunction with other methods for collecting information, for example, surveys, public meetings, and/or displays and exhibits.
Depends on the ability of the researcher/consultant to correctly observe and draw appropriate conclusions.
Can create concern in the community.
Not recommended for use in isolation but in conjunction with other tools and techniques, to offset any bias or inaccuracy in the observer's conclusions.
Applicable to a wide variety of issues.
Particularly useful as a technique where the issue is contentious or controversial.
Takes a long time.

Organizing Participant Observation

How many people to organize?

Time required:

Long (> 6 months)
Medium (6 weeks-6 months)

Cost:

High (> AUD$10,000)

Researcher lives in or regularly visits the site/suburb/organisation.
Observations are made by the researcher regarding opinions or reactions to particular issues.
Researchers should state their intentions openly, and integrate themselves into the community.
The conclusions drawn by the researcher depend largely on the researcher's abilities, and should be seen within this context.
Generally, participant observation should be combined with actual participation techniques to be of any value.